Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

1. Explain the purpose, components, and operations of an operating system, including system calls, interfaces, and design considerations.
2. Demonstrate the ability to analyze how processes are created, scheduled, and synchronized, using concepts such as multithreading, semaphores, and inter-process communication.
3. Explain and solve problems related to deadlock and memory management.
4. Describe file system architecture, access methods, and directory structures.

Course Outline

Unit I: Introduction to OS

What operating systems do, operating system structure, operations, special-purpose systems, services, user-OS interface, system calls, types of system calls, OS design and implementation. Process Management: process concept, process states, PCB, multithreaded programming. Process Scheduling: FCFS, SJF, Priority Scheduling, Round Robin, Multilevel Queue Scheduling. Process Synchronization: critical section problem, Peterson's solution, semaphores, classic synchronization problems (Producer-Consumer, Readers-Writers, Dining Philosophers).

Unit II: Deadlock and Memory Management

System model, deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks: prevention, avoidance (Banker's Algorithm), detection, and recovery. Fixed and variable partitions, swapping, paging and segmentation, structure of page table, combined systems. Virtual Memory: overlays, demand paging, copy-on-write, page replacement algorithms (FIFO, LRU, Optimal), frame allocation, thrashing, kernel memory allocation.

Unit III: File Systems

File concept, access methods, directory structure, file system mounting, file sharing, file protection, allocation methods (contiguous, linked, indexed). Case Study: overview of file systems in modern operating systems (UNIX/Linux, Windows).

Suggested Readings

1. Dhamdhere, D. M. (n.d.). Systems programming & operating systems. Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. Silberschatz, A., Galvin, P. B., & Gagne, G. (2018). Operating system concepts (10th ed.). Wiley & Sons.
3. Tanenbaum, A. S. (2015). Modern operating systems (4th ed.). PHI Learning.
4. Singhal, M., & Shivaratri, N. G. (1994). Advanced concepts in operating systems. Tata McGraw-Hill.
5. Stallings, W. (2018). Operating systems: Internals and design principles (9th ed.). Pearson.