UNIT I Environment and Ecosystem: Environment: Introduction, importance and components of Environment; Scope and importance of environmental studies Ecosystems: Concept, structure and Function of an ecosystem; Energy flow, Ecological succession, Food chains, Food webs, Ecological pyramids, Ecological Niche and Keystone Species. UNIT II Natural Resources and Conservation : Introduction and classification of Natural Resources (a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people (b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, interlinking of rivers, dams-benefits and problems. rain water harvesting, watershed management. (c) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable, non-renewable and alternate energy resources. (d) Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, human induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. water logging and salinity Biodiversity: Introduction, issues and concerns UNIT III Environmental Issues and Management : Introduction to Environmental Pollution Causes, effects and control measures of: (a) Air pollution (b) Water pollution, (c) Soil pollution (d) solid waste, (e) Noise pollution (f) Nuclear hazards Sustainable development: concept and issues Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Environmental Issues relating to Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion UNIT IV Human and Environment : Population-Environment Relationship; Environment and human health; Role of Information Technology in environmental management and human health.